Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change by Alan Bloomfield & Shirley V. Scott

Author:Alan Bloomfield & Shirley V. Scott [Bloomfield, Alan & Scott, Shirley V.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781138900295
Google: JPz0sgEACAAJ
Goodreads: 26537061
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-10-07T00:00:00+00:00

The General Assembly thereafter became a norm entrepreneur, with Resolution 63/281 (2009) expressing its ‘deep [concern] that the adverse impacts of climate change, including sea-level rise, could have possible security implications’. The General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to report on the subject. The Secretary-General turned to the EU for help and the document the EU submitted in response constituted a ‘direct attempt to diffuse EU climate security norms at the UN level’ (Zwolski and Kaunert 2011, 21 and 35).

Drawing on the mandate provided by GA63/281, Germany chaired the 2011 debate during its presidency of the UN Security Council, and this debate gave rise to a presidential statement on the subject (United Nations Security Council 2011). UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told the UN Security Council in 2011 that climate change ‘not only exacerbates threats to international peace and security; it is a threat to international peace and security’ (United Nations Security Council 2011d). This was evoking a far stronger formulation of the principle at the heart of the norm. The 2011 presidential statement of the UN Security Council settled on a more moderate formulation: the Council expressed its concern both that possible adverse effects of climate change ‘may, in the long run, aggravate certain existing threats to international peace and security’ and that ‘possible security implications of loss of territory of some States caused by sea-level-rise may arise, in particular in small low-lying States’ (United Nations Security Council 2011c).

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